Scientific Names of Animals And Plants: The Scientific Names of Animals And Plants in taxonomy are a two-part naming system composed of genus and species. A genus in the scientific name specifies the genus to which organisms belong whereas Species in the scientific name specifies the species to which that organism belongs. This binomial/Scientific nomenclature is a widely used, formal system of naming a species. So in this article, we will discuss the scientific names of animals and plants in more detail.
What is Scientific Nomenclature?
There are billions of plants and animals in the world that are known to us by their local names. These local names would vary from region to region, even within a country. Therefore, these local naming would create probable confusion among the scientist for reference. Hence in order to standardize the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known all over the world This process is called nomenclature. This formal method of naming living organisms so that such names have not been used for any other known organism is called as Scientific nomenclature. Also, it is referred to as Binomial nomenclature.
For example, The scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica, so here Magnificent is a genus name and indica is the species name.
Who is the father of Scientific Nomenclature?
This method of formal naming living organisms was pioneered by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus and is followed all over the world. He published the concept of the binomial nomenclature in his book ‘Species Plantarum’ in 1753 and later mentioned it in Systema Naturae (1758).
How to Write Scientific Names?
In order to ease the study, a number of scientists have established procedures to assign a scientific name to each known organism. The international code has been recognized by biologists all over the world in order to ensure the distinct identity of organisms all over the world, that is as follows:
- For plants, scientific names are based on agreed principles and criteria, which are detailed in International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).
- For Animals, Scientific names based upon the principle of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) have evolved.
Universal Rules of Nomenclature
The universal rules relating to nomenclature are-
- Biological names are generally in Latin and usually written in italics.
- The first word in a biological name is the genus while the second component denotes the species name.
- Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten should be underlined separately or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin.
- The first word representing the genus starts with a capital letter while the species name starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica. (Scientific name of Mango)
Scientific Names of Animals
Below is the list of scientific names of animals-
Scientific Names of Animals | |
Animals | Scientific Names |
Ant | Formicidae |
Arabian camel | A dromedary camel |
African elephant | Loxodonta |
Albatross | Diomedes |
Alpaca | Vicugna pacos |
Asian Elephant | The largest elephant |
Bat | Chiroptera |
Bird | Aves |
Brown Tree Snake | Boiga irregularis |
today | Boss gaurus |
Goat | Goat aegagrus goat |
Bear | Ursidae |
Polar bear | Sea bear |
Sun bear | Helarctos malayanus |
Blackbuck | Antilope cervicapra |
Black rat | Rattus rattus |
Buffalo | Buffalo buffalo |
Bulbul | Pycnonotidae |
Butterfly | Rhopalocera |
Cat | Cat |
Cheetah | Acinonyx jubatus |
Chinkara | Gazella bennettii |
Cobra | Oh well |
Cockroach | Blattodea |
Common Myna | Sad grasshoppers |
Cow | Bos taurus |
Crocodile | Crocodylus palustris |
Deer | Cervidae |
Dog | Canis lupus familiaris |
Dolphin | Cetacea |
Eagle | Accipitridae |
Elephant | Elephantidae |
fish | Vertebrates |
Red fox | Foxes |
Gavial or Gharial | Gavialis gangeticus |
Giraffe | Giraffe camelopardalis |
Great horned owl | Virginian owl |
Hen | A domestic rooster |
Hippopotamus | Hippopotamus amphibius |
Horse | Equus |
House crow | A shining raven |
Housefly | House fly |
House mouse | Mouse muscle |
House sparrow | The house sparrow |
House wall Lizard | Hemidactylus flaviviridis |
Indian Cobra | Well, well |
Parrot | Psittaciformes |
Indian Python | Python molurus |
Kashmir stag or hangul | Canadian deer hanglu |
King cobra | Ophiophagus hannah |
Cool | Eudynamys scolopaceus |
Leopard or panther | Panthera pardus |
Monkey | Simiiformes (infraorder) |
Mosquito | Culicidae |
Lion | Panthera leo |
Lizard | Scaly |
Nilgai | Boselaphus tragocamelus |
Peacock | Pavo cristatus |
Pig | Their |
Prawn | Dendrobranchiata |
Rabbit | Oryctolagus cuniculus |
Rat | Rodentia |
Rat snake | Ptyas mucosa |
Rattle snake | Crotalinae |
Rhesus monkey | Macaca mulatta |
Rhinoceros | Rhinoceros unicorn |
Sea snake | Hydrophilic |
Sheep | Ovis aries |
Siberian crane | Gravel leucogeranus |
Snakehead | Channidae |
Sparrow | The house sparrow |
Spider | Spiders |
Starfish | asteroid |
Tiger | Panthera tigris |
Tiger Snake | Notice the shields |
Wild Ass | An African donkey |
Wild boar | Pig sow |
Wolf | Canis lupus |
Zebra | A quagga horse |
Earthworm | Lumbricus |
Grasshopper | Caelifera |
Honey Bee | Apis |
Pigeon | Columba livia |
snake | Snakes |
Scientific Names of Plants
Below is the list of scientific names of plants-
Scientific Names of Plants- | |
Plants | Scientific Names |
Apple | Malus domestica |
Bamboo | Bamboosa aridinarifolia |
Banana | Paradise muse |
Banyan | Ficus benghalensis |
Black Gram | Plasoes mungo |
Black Pepper | Piper nigrum |
Brinjal | Solanum melongena |
Capsicum | Capsicum bush |
Carrot | Daucas carrot |
Clove | Aromatic syzygium |
Coriander | Coriander |
Cotton | Gossypium herbaceum |
Cucumber | Cucumber sativa |
Curry plant | Murraya koenigii |
Drumstick | Moringa oleifera |
Garlic | Allium sativum |
Ginger | Zingiber officinale |
Green Gram | Beans court |
Guava | Psidium guajava |
Henna | Lawsonia unarmed |
Horse Gram | Dolichos biffoeus |
Jowar | Sorghum vulgare |
Lemon | Lemon citrus |
Lettuce | Lettuce sativa |
Maize | Zea mays |
Mango | Mangifera indica |
Mint | Mentha arvensis |
Money Plant | Epipremnum aureum |
Neem | Azadirachta indica |
Onion | garlic onion |
Orange | Citrus oranges |
Pineapple | Pineapples are delicious |
Potato | Potato |
Radish | Radish sativa |
Red Gram | Cajanus cajan |
Sandalwood | White sandalwood |
Spinach | Spinacia oleracea |
Tobacco | Nicotine tobacco |
Tomato | Solanum tomato |
Tulsi | Holy basil |
Turmeric | Turmeric is long |
Watermelon | Common lemon |
Wheat | Summer wheat |
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