- Concept of child development and its relation with learning
- Factors affecting growth and development
- principles of child development
- Children’s mental health and behavioral problems
- influence of heredity and environment
- Socialization Processes: Social World and Children (Teachers, Parents, Peers)
- Piaget, Pavlov, Kohler and Thorndike: Creation and Critical Form
- Concept of child centered and progressive education
- Critical nature of the construct of intelligence and its measurement, multidimensional intelligence
- Personality and its measurement
- language and thought
- Gender as a social construct, role of gender, gender differences and educational practices
- Understanding of individual differences in learners, differences based on differences in language, caste, gender, sect, religion etc.
- Difference between assessment and evaluation for learning, year based assessment, continuous and holistic assessment formats and practices.
- Creation of appropriate questions to assess the level of preparation of the learner, to enhance learning in the classroom, critical thinking and to assess the achievement of the learner, etc.
- Recognition of learners from diverse backgrounds including advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
- Identification of needs of children with learning difficulties, disabilities etc.
- Identification of learners with special creative abilities.
- Problem child: Identification and diagnostic aspects.
- Causes and types of juvenile delinquency.
- How babies sleep and learn, what types of performance a child achieves and why and how they fail.
- Basic processes of teaching and learning, strategies for children’s learning, social context of learning and learning as a social process.
- The child as a problem solver and scientist – explorer.
- Alternative conceptions of learning in children, understanding children’s errors as a meaningful link in the learning process.
- Factors affecting learning – attention and interest.
- Cognition and emotion.
- Now inspiration and learning.
- Factors contributing to learning – personal and environmental.
- Guidance and counselling.
- Aptitude and its measurement.
- Memory and forgetfulness.
- Two unseen prose passages (discursive or literary or narrative or scientific) with question on comprehension, grammar and verbal ability
- Language Skills
- Evaluating language comprehension and proficiency: speaking, listening, reading and writing
- Learning and acquisition
- Principles of Second Language Teaching
- Role of listening and speaking; function of language and how children use it as a tool
- The role of grammar in learning a language for communicating ideas verbally and in written form.
- Challenges of teaching language in a diverse classroom; language difficulties, errors and disorders
- Teaching-learning materials: Textbook, multi-media materials, multilingual resource of the classroom
- Remedial Teaching
- For linguistic understanding/comprehension, two unreads should be given, one in the form of a passage (from a play/act/incident/essay/story etc.) and the other unread in the form of a verse. Out of this unread, society/comprehension, interpretation, grammar and verbal ability should be given. Questions should be asked related to. Passages can be based on literature/scientific/social harmony/current events.
- Language learning and receptivity.
- Principles of language teaching.
- Role of listening and speaking in language teaching, functions of language, how children use language.
- The role of grammar in language learning for oral and written expression.
- Challenges, difficulties, errors and systematicity of children of different levels in language teaching.
- Evaluation of all four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing).
- Teaching-learning materials in the classroom, textbooks, telecommunication (audio-visual) materials, multi-classroom sources.
- Re-teaching. Etcetera..
- Number System – Reading and writing numbers greater than 1000. Understanding of place value and four basic operations on numbers greater than 1000.
- Addition and Subtraction – Adding and subtracting numbers up to 5 digits.
- Multiplication – Multiplying 2 or 3 digit numbers
- Division – Dividing a four-digit number by a two-digit number.
- Fraction – Concept of fraction, simplest form, addition, subtraction of fractions like equal fraction, odd fraction etc. multiplication and division equivalent fraction, writing fraction in decimal and decimal number in fraction.
- Relationship between commonly used larger and smaller units of length, weight and volume.
- Converting larger units into smaller units and converting smaller units into larger units.
- To find the volume of a solid object in known units.
- Using the four basic mathematical operations in questions related to money, length, weight, volume and time interval.
- Converting meters to centimeters and centimeters to meters.
- Pattern- Moving forward in understanding the patterns related to numbers, preparing patterns and generalizing on the basis of its operations, identifying patterns of triangular numbers and square numbers.
- Geometry- Basic geometric concepts, rays, line segments (classification of angles) Triangle (classification of triangles) – (1. On the basis of sides, 2. On the basis of angles) The sum of all three angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.
- Identifying and understanding the centre, radius and diameter of a circle.
- Understanding the relationship between circle, radius and diameter, symmetrical shapes, parallel lines and perpendicular lines on the basis of surroundings.
- To find the area and perimeter of simple geometric shapes (triangle, rectangle, square) by considering the given shape as a unit.
- Recognition of 2D shapes of the environment.
- Collecting various data related to daily life.
- To know the time of clock in hours and minutes and express it in the form of AM and PM.
- Relationship of the 24 hour clock to the 12 hour clock.
- Calculation of time interval taken by daily life events.
- Pattern recognition in multiplication and division.
- Geometry patterns based on committee.
- To draw conclusions through bar graphs.
- To develop thinking and reasoning power through teaching mathematics.
- Place of mathematics in the curriculum.
- Language of mathematics.
- To develop the ability to create and use appropriate educational supporting material based on environment for effective teaching.
- To develop new methods of evaluation, diagnostic testing and re-teaching capacity.
- Ability to use new methods of mathematics teaching in classroom teaching.
- Our trees and plants, local trees and plants, interdependence of trees and humans, protection of forests and their need and importance, effect of pollution on trees and plants.
- Our Natural Resources- Major natural resources, their conservation, traditional and renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.
- Correlation with family and society – Our sensitivity towards the care of elders, sick, teenagers, children with special needs in the family.
- The effect of pollution on our animals and birds, our pet animals, cargo animals and animals in the environment around us.
- Sports exercise and yoga.
- Family celebrations, various means of entertainment – books, stories, puppet plays, fairs, cultural programs and celebrations of days in the school.
- Various professions, industries and businesses
- Different habitats of animals, birds and humans, need of habitat and characteristics of habitat for healthy life.
- Protection of local buildings, public property, national heritage and their maintenance.
- To calculate the best house and the materials used in its construction.
- Toilet cleanliness, environmental cleanliness and good habits.
- Health enhancing combination of food items. Food for different ages and the right time to consume them.
- Food hygiene safety measures for good health.
- Security of food resources.
- Food requirements, components of food.
- Importance of fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables according to plant parts.
- Diseases caused by infected air and water, their treatment and prevention and other infectious diseases.
- Pollution of air, water, land and its protection, various waste materials and their management, proper disposal.
- Safety and prevention measures from disasters like earthquake, flood, drought etc., disaster management.
- Clean water and clean air are necessary for life.
- Our role in local weather, water cycles and climate change.
- Sources of water, its safe keeping and methods of conservation and nutrition.
- Sustainable management of natural resources- proper exploitation of resources, diesel, petrol, consumption and conservation.
- Relationship between soil, water, seeds and crops, organic – chemical fertilizers.
- Different crops and their producing areas.
- Agricultural work and equipment required for crop production.
- Uses of polythene plastics and their decomposition by detergents.
- Effects of fossil fuel use.
- disaster management
- Deforestation and urbanization, impact on ecological balance.
- Scientific causes and diagnosis of ozone layer, acid rain, global warming, green house effect etc.
- Introduction to space scientists, their experiences of living in space.
- Spacecraft, space exploration and predictions.
- Scientific facts of space life, possibilities of life.
- Concept and need of environmental studies.
- Importance of environmental studies, integrated environmental education.
- Continuous – comprehensive assessment, asking questions during teaching, providing opportunities for oral and written expression, use of worksheets and anecdotal records, developing the child’s portfolio, teaching based on case studies and personal profiles.
- Teaching material/supporting material and its application in environmental education.
- Development of environmental problems of the local environment and the ability to find their solutions.
- Principles and responsibilities of environmental education.
- Correlation of environmental education with science and social sciences.
- Techniques and activities to clarify concepts.
- Environmental visit, experimental work, project work and their importance.
- Learning through discussion, debate, presentation and group teaching arrangement.
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